2. पुष्पी पौधों में लैंगिक प्रजनन- (Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants-12B2)

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Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is the process by which male and female gametes fuse to form a new plant. It takes place mainly through the reproductive organs of a flower—the stamen (male reproductive organ) and pistil/carpel (female reproductive organ). The process includes formation of pollen grains, pollination, pollen tube growth, fertilization, and seed formation. A special feature of flowering plants is double fertilization, in which one male gamete fuses with the egg to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the polar nuclei to form the primary endosperm nucleus. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary develops into a fruit. Thus, sexual reproduction in flowering plants plays an important role in producing genetic variation and ensuring the continuation of plant species.